Supply chains are integral to modern business operations, ensuring the seamless flow of goods and services globally. However, supply chain disruptions— unforeseen events interrupting this flow— pose significant threats to operational efficiency and economic stability. These disruptions can stem from natural disasters, geopolitical tensions, supplier failures, and sudden shifts in consumer demand. In 2021 alone, such disruptions incurred an estimated cost of four trillion dollars worldwide, highlighting the critical need for effective management strategies