Worldwide, urban expansion correlates with increased waste generation from various residential and commercial activities. The accumulation of waste in urban areas poses significant challenges for local communities. According to Singh et al. (2021), cities globally produce approximately 1.3 billion tons of solid waste annually, a figure projected to rise as urbanization and industrial activities expand in the future. The most noticeable effects of living near a dumpsite are often seen in reduced aesthetic appeal, unpleasant odors, and the general stigma of proximity to such areas. However, there is a strong connection between living near dumpsites and negative health outcomes in surrounding communities. Therefore, it can be concluded that residing near a dumpsite poses significant environmental health risks. According to Reinhart & Townsend (2018), noncommunicable diseases like cancer, asthma, and birth defects in infants, as well as waterborne diseases such as typhoid and cholera, are linked to living close to dumpsites. Additionally, other health problems such as skin infections and eye irritation are associated with the breeding and spread of insects and rodents, which act as vectors for these diseases (Singh et al., 2021). The detrimental effects of environmental pollution on health outcomes are particularly evident in low-income countries, where pollution is linked to up to 90% of recorded deaths (Siddiqua et al., 2022).Landfilling remains one of the most widely used waste management techniques globally, regardless of a country's level of development. Common types of landfills include municipal solid waste, industrial waste, hazardous waste, and green waste landfills (Siddiqua et al., 2022). In developing nations, particularly in Africa, illegal and unregulated landfills are prevalent and can often be found in various communities. Landfills are often located in areas that were initially considered uninhabitable before communities were established nearby. It has been shown that landfilling contributes to several environmental pollution issues, including groundwater contamination from the leaching of organic, inorganic, and other substances of concern (SoC) present in the waste. Additionally, it leads to air pollution from suspended particles, odor pollution from the disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW), and marine pollution caused by runoff (Siddiqua et al., 2022). Improper landfill management results in significant toxic metal pollution, which is considered one of the most dangerous forms of contamination, affecting water, soil, and crops