Objectives: This paper aims to critically examine the relevance of Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) in contemporary agriculture, specifically focusing on how indigenous farming practices can address modern challenges of climate change, food insecurity, and malnutrition. It seeks to bridge the gap between traditional ecological knowledge and modern sustainable development goals. Methodology: The study employs a qualitative, multidisciplinary approach, relying on a comprehensive literature review of ancient agricultural treatises (such as Krishi Parashara and Vrikshayurveda), ethnographic studies of tribal farming communities in India, and contemporary agroecological data. It analyzes case studies of traditional practices like Baranaja (mixed cropping) and the resurgence of millets (Shree Anna).Central Argument: The paper argues that the marginalization of Indigenous Agricultural Practices during the Green Revolution has led to severe ecological degradation and a homogenization of diets. It posits that integrating IKS with contemporary agroecological frameworks is not merely a nostalgic return to the past, but a scientifically viable and necessary strategy to build climate-resilient food systems and ensure long-term nutritional security.

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