Cardiovascular disease is the world's biggest cause of mortality and is caused by hypertension, a modifiable risk factor. About 85% of hypertensive cases are essential or primary with no identifiable cause. Therefore, it becomes even more important to identify the etiology and causes of essential hypertension to develop novel treatments. There are multiple alleles associated with essential hypertension because it is a complex, multifactorial, and polygenic condition. Around 30% to 45% of the people in the general population have hypertension. Women make up 20% of the world's hypertensive population, compared to men's 24%. Numerous factors, such as social, genetic, and environmental influences, might affect hypertension. Too far, numerous investigations have been conducted to identify the genes and polymorphisms associated with essential hypertension. None of the studies have shown conclusive evidence associating a certain polymorphism exclusively with essential hypertension. Most people are unaware if they have hypertension, it is frequently referred to as a "silent disease." It is important that people with hypertension adopt a healthy lifestyle combined with medications if required.