The kidney is an intricate and essential organ responsible for regulating bodily fluids through urine production, extracting waste products from the blood, and performing multiple vital functions. The prevalence of renal diseases is increasing globally, underscoring the necessity for appropriate treatment strategies. When a healthy kidney sustains injury, the affected renal tissue undergoes a series of pathological and physiological changes, resulting in various kidney disorders. Changes may involve abnormal glomerular filtration, filtration barrier alteration, tubular blockage, vasoconstriction, interstitial swelling and proteolytic enzyme activation. At present, therapeutic options for this kidney disease are restricted to dialysis and transplantation. Limitations associated with kidney dialysis, insufficient organ donations for transplantation, high costs of the procedure, advanced age, and comorbid conditions contribute to reduced life quality, increased illness, and long-term survival difficulties. Tissue engineering, a fast-growing area within biomedical engineering, aims to develop biological alternatives that can support, enhance, or replace tissue functions and help repair tissue damage. Overall, kidney tissue engineering represents a progressive and potentially effective strategy for addressing kidney disease. Kidney tissue engineering presents a viable approach for the restoration of impaired renal function, diminishing dependence on transplantation, addressing congenital renal disorders, and facilitating research into kidney disease mechanisms. It is an innovative approach to improving kidney health and treatment outcomes. This review highlights advances in kidney tissue engineering, with emphasis on cell-based and non-cell-based therapies as well as different methods of tissue fabrication. These approaches mimics the kidney's current environment, facilitate cell growth, promote blood vessel formation, and address related challenges. The advancement in this field now provides engineered renal structures and cell-based therapies as alternatives for treating renal failure, including regeneration of diseased kidneys.