Child abuse is an issue that affect children in Africa especially in Nigeria. This study examined the effects of child abuse on academic performance of pupils in public primary schools in Kwara Central Senatorial District of Kwara State. Descriptive survey design was used while 8 schools and 40 teachers were sampled using simple random sampling technique from all the four local government that constitute the Kwara Central. Researcher designed instrument tagged “Child abuse and their impact on primary school pupils’ academic performance in Kwara Central” CAIPSPAPKC was used. The instrument was face and content validated and reliability coefficient of 0.84 was obtain using test-re-test through PPMC. Mean and Standard deviation was used to answer the research questions and decision rule is the benchmark of 2.5 and above was accepted and 2.49 and below was rejected. The findings revealed the mean value of 3.27 and 3.13 for research question one and two respectively which implies that child abuse had effect on the academic performance of pupils with total average of 3.27 and that the effects of child abuse on academic performance differ based on gender among primary school pupils with the total average of 3.13 with 75% of the teachers in the agree and strongly agree region on the effect of child abuse on academic performance differ based on gender among pupils. The study concluded that child abuse affects academic performance of primary school pupils in Kwara Central. Therefore, this study recommended that gender-sensitive programmes should be implemented in schools to discover, support and assist abused pupils so as to improve their academic performance through collaboration efforts of all the school stakeholders.