Hepatitis B virus (HBV), a DNA virus from the Hepadnaviridae family, is a major global health concern. With more than 2 billion people exhibiting serologic evidence of infection, and roughly 350 million chronic cases, the complication related to HBV, notably liver disease is of utmost significance. This study investigates the prevalence of acute and chronic Hepatitis B among residents of Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria. A total of 165 participants were assessed, of which 50 tested positive and 115 negative for HBV. Blood samples were analyzed for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using rapid kits and enzyme immunoassays to classify the infections. Statistical analyses were conducted using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s chi-square test. The findings aim to enhance understanding and aid public health interventions against HBV in Nigeria