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Read moreThe growing use of flight-management systems, autopilot, autothrust, and other advanced automation has shifted flightcrew work from continuous manual control toward supervisory monitoring and exception management. This study develops and evaluates an Artificial Intelligence Enabled Human Factors Risk Prediction (AI-HFRP) framework that integrates pilot state, human-automation interaction, flight dynamics, and operational context into an interpretable safety-risk estimate. The supplied proof-of-concept dataset contained 24 realistic synthetic pilot-flight windows spanning four flight profiles and six phases of flight. Human state inputs included Samn-Perelli fatigue, Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, NASA Task Load Index mental demand, Psychomotor Vigilance Task response measures, and Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique accuracy. Automation and operational inputs included mode transitions, mode awareness, mode confusion, automation surprise, Flight Management System activity, cockpit alerts, flight-path deviations, visibility, crosswind, and air-traffic-control activity. High and Critical expert labels were combined for binary evaluation because only five such observations were available. Flight-grouped four-fold cross-validation was used to limit leakage between observations from the same flight. The proposed interpretable fusion achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.874, sensitivity of 0.800, specificity of 0.684, and F1-score of 0.533. Benchmark model AUC values ranged from 0.547 to 0.695. Elevated risk was associated with longer duty, greater fatigue and sleepiness, slower vigilance response, reduced situation awareness, automation surprise, and larger flight-path deviations. The results support further evaluation of human-centred predictive safety assistance, but larger operational datasets are required before deployment or accident-reduction claims are justified.
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aviation safety, artificial intelligence, human factors, cockpit automation, pilot fatigue, situation awareness, machine learning, predictive safety.
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